femininity and glamorous

Hello girls!
Before to get knowing my skin I used to have trouble when buying a new moisturizer, finding the right moisturizer for our skin may seem more difficult than we might think. Moisturizing is critical to skin health and choosing "any product" without paying attention to the details and particularities of each may not bring any benefit. Or worse: make our skin irritated or dry.

The variety of moisturizer products is very large and many women end up choosing their preferred only by scent or brand, regardless of whether the product formula is even ideal for their skin type. So be very careful when looking for the perfect product.

Just like a facial moisturizer, the best body moisturizer for your body skin does not need to have extravagant ingredients. A simple but effective combination will not clog your pores with unnecessary ingredients.


Why should us moisturize our skin?

But after all, what is the skin moisturizer and what is this product for?

The answer may seem kind obvious: to moisturize the skin. But what exactly is hydration?

Moisturizing the skin is the main care we should take. It is the hydration that slows the degenerative processes that weaken it and that results in wrinkles, lack of elasticity, opacity, stains, etc.


Dehydration is mainly caused by external aggressions such as excessive sunlight (and throughout life), pollution, exposure to various climatic variations and, of course, lack of proper hydration. Aging is also another important factor in dehydration because, over the years, our skin will lose its ability to retain water, becoming dry. Therefore, it is more than necessary to biologically rebalance the skin to compensate for the natural loss of hydration.


How to choose the right moisturizer cream?

The best moisturizer is one that will not leave a feeling of excessive oiliness or dry out the dry areas of your skin (such as elbows and knees).

Read the packages carefully and choose the one that is indicated for your skin type. Creams that are produced especially from plant extracts and phytonutrients are great for increasing the strength and elasticity of the skin.

Note whether the formula contains ammonia lactate or urea, excellent for moisturizing very dry skins. Another important item is the protection factor. It should not replace the sunscreen, but it is interesting that the cream chosen has a protection factor, even to a lower degree.

Get to know your skin
Talk to your dermatologist to know your skin type. Knowing what to expect from the care you have with your skin is as important as finding the ideal moisturizer. For example, deep nourishment or a pleasant fragrance are two different care for your body.

Apply the product before going to sleep
When choosing the ideal moisturizer for dry skin, you can opt for an oil-based formula or shea butter. Apply your moisturizer lotion or cream before going to sleep so it has more time to deeply moisturize your skin.

Nourish dry areas
Some parts of the body can get dry more easily, such as feet, knees, and elbows. Keep the skin deeply moisturized and nourished with a set of beauty products that pay particular attention to these areas.

Stay alert to vitamins A, C, and E.
Experts recommend these powerful antioxidants because they protect our skin from the signs of aging.

What is the difference between cream and lotion?


The difference between these products is basically their consistency and action derived from that consistency. The cream is thicker and used after bathing, with the skin dry through the towel. The lotion is lighter, with a smaller moisturizing factor and more "liquid" consistency. It is ideal for giving some scent to the skin but is not very suitable for anyone who wants real hydration.

Many people go to the gym regularly and watch what they eat, but still don’t get the results they want. Some of them give up, but some decide to undergo very painful and expensive plastic surgery. Each year, Australians spend approximately $1 billion on plastic surgery. But, did you know that the gym and simple dieting are not the only alternatives to cosmetic surgery? Here are five new trends you must try that are much less painful and much easier on the wallet.

The ketogenic diet will get you ripped 

The keto is one of the most-searched wellness trends in 2017 with new Instagram accounts, cookbooks and blogs about the diet popping up every day. Even though a plant-based diet is still going strong, people are starting to dig into the benefits of high-fat, low-sugar diets. The main goal of the ketogenic diet is to train your body to rely on fat instead of carbs for fuel. When you restrict the intake of carbs, your body enters a state called ketosis in which the body burns fats to produce energy. Keto enthusiasts say that this diet has great anti-inflammatory effects, increases energy levels and muscle mass while decreasing total caloric intake, making you ripped and fit. So, who needs liposuction?

Virtual boxing 

No list of fitness and wellness trends in 2017 can go without boxing, but now this popular physical activity is getting digitalized. Virtual boxing is great for everyone who doesn’t have time to go to the gym but craves some serious sweating. The program is composed of various 30-minute videos of boxing sequences and techniques that you need to mimic. For instance, you can go through a couple of shadow-boxing rounds, HIIT training, and finish off with a knockout round. This is bound to make you fit because you’ll burn up to 600 calories per session. Not bad!

Cryolipolysis: feel the cool 

This revolutionary non-invasive procedure is a great substitute for painful and expensive liposuction. It uses cold to permanently kill fat cells without any surgery. The cooling process targets on fatty areas, such as the belly, inner thighs or love handles, and it lowers the temperature of the area too -9°C. Fat cells during cryolipolysis procedure freeze and gets destroyed at such low temperatures, which results in an instant fat loss. Frozen fat cells are then eliminated naturally from your body.

Power yoga 

Yoga’s been a popular way of sculpting your body and mind for many years now, but if you never wanted to join the trend because of its slow pace, now it’s the time to rethink your decision. Power yoga is done to high-paced modern music and the tempo will just kick your ass. You will sweat as you move, stretch and twist. There’s also a hot power yoga option which is done in a heated and humid room for an extra sweat session. No matter which style you choose, you’ll feel happy and refreshed, but also quite drained. So, if you want to transform your body, mind, and spirit, join power yoga!

The cold weather came and with it, the hottest clothes, the warmth of the fireplace, but also the time has come to pay even more attention to the skin! Lower temperatures, wind and rain can alter the skin on your face, making it need different care from those you kept in the summer. It is necessary to pay more attention to hydration of the skin so that the effects of winter do not make much difference on the skin.
During winter, due to weather conditions, the excess of dry air, the skin tends to dry faster. For the skin to remain healthy, smooth and hydrated, it is advisable to take into account some care.
There are several types of skin: oily skin, combination skin, dry skin, sensitive skin and normal skin. In addition, there are young skins and mature skins and all these need specific care that must be adapted according to the lifestyle and seasons of the year to always maintain a beautiful and healthy skin.

In winter, the skin types that suffer most are dry skin, mature skin, and sensitive skin. The first does not generally exhibit a very high natural hydration level which is further diminished by low temperatures, the wind, and heat. Sensitive skins, on the other hand, are generally reactive skins that can give warning signs like redness, and dryness in this season of the year.
It is important to fill the nutritional deficiencies of the skin with suitable products and food so that it does not feel discomfort and that the appearance of the skin remains beautiful and luminous even on colder days.

Here are some tips and what types of products you can use to have a healthy skin during the winter.

How to keep a beautiful and healthy skin? 

• Regularly clean the skin with a mild soap, those of glycerin are a great choice;
• Use an exfoliant to remove dead cells and impurities;
• Treat acne with special products;
• Stay away from the stress: take time for face masks or leg creams, as well as being a great way to keep the skin looking more beautiful, helps to relax the mind and therefore leaves the skin brighter;
• Always remember to use sunscreen (even and especially in winter) as it is the best way to keep your skin youthful (not what we most want?) And stain-free;
• Use a deep nourishing daily cream in the winter. It can be the same range that you use in the summer but it should give to the skin of the face greater hydration;
• Always use highly nutritious and sun protection indexed lip protection. Sun protection may be lower than summer sunscreen but should never be neglected;
• Apply a moisturizing serum before your daily cream. Serum will help keep the skin of the face moisturized throughout the day;
• Invest in a good night cream that allows the skin to recover from the aggressions of the cold, wind and the heat;
• If you do not live without air conditioning, apply thermal water on the face regularly during the day, so that it does not lose water or give back;
• Drink water and eat fruit to maintain an adequate hydration;
• Apply a moisturizing mask one to two times a week, especially if you have a dry and mature skin;
• If you have a sensitive skin, use suitable products that allow you to fight against signs of cold and heat;
• The body also needs a greater hydration, since the use of more and warmer clothes cause greater dehydration. Apply moisturizing cream daily.
• Enrich your diet with foods rich in antioxidants and essential fatty acids such as blackberries, strawberries, walnuts, nuts, artichokes, almonds, flaxseed oil, cereals, grains, tuna, and turkey.
• Avoid fried foods, besides being highly caloric they end up reflecting in the skin, leaving it oily, facilitating the appearance of pimples;
• If you really want to have beautiful skin, never sleep with makeup, always remove it with a good astringent before going to sleep;
• Sleep well, a good night's sleep can work wonders for your skin and beauty.

Body Lotion
Look for lotions that contain ingredients such as alpha hydroxides (A.H.A.), hyaluronic acid and glycerin. When looking for a moisturizing body lotion, consider two variants: hydrating lotion, which helps to moisturize, and an occlusive, which helps maintain the hydration of the skin. During winter, the skin tends to lose water due to weather conditions and excess dry air so it will need to replenish and balance the hydration of the skin after all the baths. To maintain hydration, dry the skin (without rubbing) with a soft towel and apply a moisturizing body lotion and a neutral pH.
For sensitive skin: Cetaphil Gentle Skin Cleanser, £7.19 (1). For oily/ combination: Liz Earle Cleanse & Polish, £9.75 (2). For dry skin: Aurelia Probiotic Skincare Miracle Cleanser, £34 (3). For mature skin: Elemis Pro Collagen Cleansing Balm, £39.50


Try Neutrogena's Deep Hydration Body Lotion, Kai Body Butter, and La Roche-Posay  Iso-Urea Cream: rich in glycerin, it's perfect for sensitive skin and will help to moisturize and maintain the skin hydration for longer.

Facial moisturizer
Look for moisturizers that contain ingredients like glycerin, antioxidants (vitamin C or E), softening oils (avocado oil or jojoba oil). Applying moisturizer to the face is essential to protect the face from severe weather conditions. In addition to the basic need for a humectant and an occlusive, such as glycerin, for example, antioxidants are also essential to combat the damage caused by free radicals. Ingredients that help soften the skin, such as avocado oil, help moisturize the skin without clogging the pores and reducing redness.
For sensitive skin: La Roche-Posay Hydreane Rich Moisturising Cream, £14.50 (1). For oily / combination skin: Clinique Moisture Surge Extended Thirst Relief, £34 (2). For dry skin: Dr Hauschka Rose Day Cream, £29.50 (3). For mature skin: Clarins Super Restorative Day Cream, £69 (4). 


Try Face Cream, Yes to Carrots, with FPS15 or Kiehl's Ultra Facial Moisturizer Sunscreen Broad Spectrum SPF 30: in addition to glycerin, the skin will benefit from sunflower oil, aloe vera, carrot, and more.

Balm
Look for ingredients like jojoba oil, shea butter, and FPS. Balsams should contain ingredients that help replace skin oils. Also, do not forget that, regardless of the lower temperatures and cloudy skies, it is essential to protect the lips from UV rays.
Try Nivea's A Kiss of Smoothness lip balm with FPS15 or Nivea lip Butter: In addition to being affordable, this balm has all the moisturizing ingredients needed to maintain hydration without irritating the skin.

Oil is a great idea for the skin
For sensitive skin: Pai Rosehip BioRegenerate Oil, £20 (1). For combination / oily skin: Aromatherapy Associates Mattifying Refining Face Oil, £35.70 (2). For dry skin: Decleor Aromessence Marjolaine Oil Serum, £44 (3). For mature skin: L'Oreal Age Perfect Extraordinary Facial Oil, £19.99 (4). 

For sensitive skin: Eve Lom Muslin Cleansing Cloths (used with your regular cleanser), £14 (1). For oily / combination skin: Dermalogica Daily Microfoliant, £41.75 (2). For dry skin: Merumaya Skin Brightening Exfoliating Peel, £19.50 (3). For mature skin: Philosophy The Microdelivery Triple-Acid Brightening Peel, £59.50 (4). 

Photo and price source: http://www.redonline.co.uk/

Although a number of minerals are considered essential for good human health, most of them are needed in only minute quantities.

Many people have heard about such essential minerals as iron and calcium, and some of us even know roughly what foods are likely to give us the doses we need.
But what of the rest of the minerals, which have names such as chromium and molybdenum? What do they do for us, and how can we make sure we get enough of them?

Unlike vitamins, which are synthesised by the plants and animals we eat, minerals have to be extracted from the earth by growing plants.

A lot depends on the soil in which a crop is grown. Humans can have access to minerals only by eating the plants, or by eating animals which in turn have eaten the plants.

Minerals vital to human health can be divided into macrominerals, which humans need in doses ranging from 100mg to1g, and trace minerals, which are needed in far smaller quantities.

• The macrominerals include calcium, sulphur, potassium, chloride, magnesium, sodium and phosphorus.
• The trace minerals include such things as zinc, copper, iodine, iron, fluoride, cobalt, manganese and selenium.

The most common mineral deficiencies encountered in modern society are of iron, calcium and zinc.

Zinc is found in human bone, pancreas, skin, liver, kidney, brain, red blood cells, the eye and the prostate gland. It helps the body heal wounds, helps the pancreas store insulin and plays a function in such bodily functions as protein manufacture and taste.

Many foods contain zinc and deficiencies are most common among heavy drinkers and strict vegetarians.

Calcium is the building block of human bones and teeth, but has other uses in the body, including regulating the heart, clotting blood and transmitting nerve impulses.

Phosphorus too is essential for healthy bones and teeth. Phosphorus deficiency is not common.

Deficiencies of sodium and chloride are rare too since these are the ingredients of salt, of which most of us eat too much, rather than too little. Sodium and chloride, along with potassium, control the movement of water in and out of cells.

Hello, glamorizes!
Easy to find, versatile and without major restrictions, the ingredient is the darling of my beauty rituals. It can be used to cleanse, hydrate and nourish the skin, as any other moisturizing  lotion. 
The coconut oil is rich in vitamin E, it has high antioxidant power which slows the premature aging of the skin of various body parts.
The darling of natural beauty adepts, coconut oil is one of the most versatile items of the natural beauty routine. Famous known by healthy habits, such as the models Miranda Kerr, Candice Swanepoel, Irina Shayk and the actress Gwyneth Paltrow, have confessed that they are adepts of coconut oil. No complications, it can be used from the skin to the hair. When applied on the face or body, coconut oil works as a 100% natural moisturizing that recovers the natural skin oiliness. 
I really like the natural cosmetology and also I love the homemade alternatives that I can do with coconut oil, here are some ways to take this oil on a daily basis.

As face and body moisturizer
Coconut oil has more moisturizing results than many of the cosmetics products we found out there. It is absorbed very quickly, and reaches even the deepest layers of the skin, apply only in the eyes of the region since the oil is light enough and this is the most delicate area of the face.
If you have dry skin, coconut oil can be a great ally. It is a great emollient thus promotes natural moisturizing face, leaving the softer to the touch.
In the body, add equal parts oil to your moisturizer to enhance the treatment. If you want, you can even add essential oils such as lavender or vanilla to give some smell to the skin.

Night cream

Apply coconut oil at night for maximum moisturizing benefits for the skin. The antioxidants are great allies to smooth the expression lines and wrinkles while you sleep.

Makeup remover
It does not harm the skin and removes all types of makeup, even waterproof.
Apply the oil on a cotton and slide on the skin. Then remove the excess with another cotton with warm water.

Coconut oil as post shaving cream
For those who have problems with blades, apply the coconut oil in the part that was shaved can be a solution. Soon after shaving the skin becomes irritated because of the removal of the hair. The coconut oil helps to deal with this irritation by rehydrating. It moisturizes and protects the skin.

Lip moisturizer
Apply with fingertips before bed or before applying your favorite lipstick.

Capillary protector on the beach
Apply over the whole length before entering in the sea.

To clean makeup brushes
Remember item make remover up there? Mix two parts of antibacterial soap for a coconut oil and it is ready: you have a solution to clean perfectly well your makeup brushes!

Night Hair Care
Apply to the all hair length before the bedtime. In the morning, wash your hair as usual. Alternatively, apply a little more on the ends it is also a great anti-frizz.

Moisturizing the cuticles
It's easy: apply a small amount of product in the area, massaging it, or put coconut oil in a cotton and cover the nails and hands, let for at least 20 minutes. The cuticles will be much more hydrated and soft!

Hair removal
The coconut oil is a good alternative to hair removal gel. To get a smooth skin and easy to shave with a blade simply mix equal parts coconut oil, jojoba oil and shea butter.

To grow your eyelashes
The coconut oil helps to grow the eyelashes. Simply apply with the help of a cotton swab on the eyelashes, but be careful not to abuse because too much can cause eye irritation. See 5 Natural ways to grow your eyelashes longer and thicker.

Post-Sun
Apply as a body oil in sensitive areas.

Exfoliator
Mix 1 spoon of coconut oil with the same quantity of cornmeal/sugar/salt/coffee. Apply on the face and make a circular motion. The mixture can also be used to exfoliate the body. Remove with warm water.

Teeth whitening

The coconut oil is a great natural teeth whitener and mixes with a bit of peppermint oil, can be used as toothpaste. Not only your teeth will get whiter as the breath will be fresh.

Summer is in full swing, and everyone will be spending a lot of time on the beach, trying to get the

best tan or simply have fun. However, a lot of fun at the swimming pool and the beach can take its

the toll on your skin and hair. You don’t want to be devastated when the summer passes and you are

left with damaged hair and dry and prickly skin, do you? This is why, this summer, you should get

these five wonderful ingredients which will save the day.

Image source: Flickr

Mineral foundation

Mineral makeup has been getting a lot of attention these past years, and for good reason. It gives a

breathable, natural feel, and wonderful coverage. Even people with skin conditions like rosacea are

encouraged to use mineral makeup every day. For those who have acne, there is mineral

foundations with calming ingredients such as tea tree oil and aspen bark. There are also foundations

with SP factors which will protect and soothe your skin.

Avocado hair mask

The stevia, scientific name Stevia Rebaudiana is a small evergreen shrub native from South America, belonging to the family of chrysanthemums. Known and used by indigenous people for centuries, it is a medicinal plant with a huge sweetener capacity because its leaves have a substance three hundred times sweeter than sucrose. Check out the following properties and benefits provided by this powerful natural sweetener.

The properties and benefits of stevia

• Powerful natural sweetener is considered the most powerful sugar in the world;
• Contains few calories;
• Hinders the absorption of sugar during the digestion process, being very beneficial for diabetics and for people who wish to lose weight;
• Inhibits plaque formation and dental caries;
• It is not toxic;
• It contains no artificial ingredients;
• It can be used for cooking;
• The liquid of stevia leaves can be used in the skin, hair and bruises. Accelerates healing, lessens scarring, relieves acne and rejuvenates the skin.
• In addition to its sweetening capacity, Stevia also has many medicinal properties. The tea prepared from the leaves is indicated for cases of diabetes, hyperactivity, hypertension, indigestion, candidiasis and obesity. Moreover, it is a great tonic for healthy skin and reduces the need for tobacco, alcohol and carbohydrates.

How to use stevia for the skin care

Imagine having a wrinkle-free skin and expression lines without undergoing any  radical cosmetic procedure. Did you like the idea? All this is possible from the use of Stevia Rebaudiana, a plant with several benefits.

Hello, girls! How are you doing?
Take better care of body and mind, is the resolution of every woman, right ?! Regarding physical beauty, here are some of my wishlist of 2016 that you might love. What woman can resist a stuffed shelf with novelty in the beauty of the universe? Moisturizers, makeup, perfumes, soaps, sunscreens, illuminators, anti-aging creams ... The list is as extensive as seductive! If you are part of the women's team that likes to keep an updated nécessaire? So pay attention to the releases of the month! They have news for all styles, needs and budget.

Hello, girls! How are you doing?
The natural and fresh ingredients have been used abundantly by women throughout the world a long time ago. With this, those famous home recipes won the space and it is time for the skin care the pursue more natural products are the most requested.
Despite to the apparent ease of handling, these homemade products require a special care and attention bent on who makes them.

It is ideal for preparing the mixtures in a glass or earthenware, to prevent them from oxidizing. Any homemade recipe should be used immediately after preparation since they are very exposed to contamination and spoil easily. Also, avoid the sun exposure after the use. The cold chamomile tea or fennel tea can be good to soothe the skin after cleansing process or exfoliation.

Body moisturizer

Ingredients 
100g of shea butter
100g of coconut oil
100 g of cocoa butter
100 ml of almond oil
10 ml of vitamin E
10 drops of vanilla essential oil

Preparation:

Add the ingredients in a container and put to melt in a double boiler( except vitamin E). When the mixture is smooth, refrigerate for about five hours. Remove and blend in a mixer, add the vitamin E and mix. Then store in a glass.
All components are extremely moisturizing. Even most of them are also used in

creams sold in the pharmacies.

Deodorant

Ingredients
1/3 cup of cornstarch
1/3 cup of baking soda
10 drops of essential oil of tea tree
10 drops of essential oil of sandalwood
3 tablespoons of coconut oil
2 tsp of Vitamin E oil
1/5 tablespoon of beeswax

Preparation 
Melt the beeswax in a double boiler, add the cocoa coconut oil and when the two are melted remove from heat and add baking soda and cornstarch. Mix well and add the essential oils and vitamin E oil. Mix until to form a thick paste. Place the paste in an empty pack of the deodorant bar or the similar and apply it daily.

The cornstarch and bicarbonate can absorb some of the armpit water, the oils will improve the location odor. But the mixture is recommended for those who sweat a little because it can not meet the needs of those who have a more intense sweating.

Moisturizing cream for the nail

Ingredients
25g of beeswax
35 g of cocoa butter
1 tablespoon of vegetable sesame oil
1 spoon of clove oil 
1 teaspoon of lavender essential oil
1 teaspoon of ylang-ylang essential oil

Preparation 

Melt the beeswax and cocoa butter in a double boiler over low heat. Once it is liquid, add the sesame oil and clove oil. Turn off the heat and wait until it is warm. Then add the lavender oil and ylang-ylang oil. Mix well and put into small pots of plastic or aluminum. Let cool at room temperature. The ingredients moisturize and fortify the nails and cuticles!

Hello, girls! How are you doing?
Forgotten by most people, they deserve a special attention. Taking care of your feet, you will be more relaxed and beautiful in fully.
The feet are our body's base of support, they work all day and, therefore, deserve special care and rest, even if they were made to endure the pressure of the body weight.
To compensate for the wear and tear of the feet, it is crucial to change some habits and adopt simple methods that may prevent future complications.
Who does not like to be with the beautiful and well-maintained feet? But for them to stay with a presentable appearance is necessary to pay special attention to them.

How to keep your feet healthy?

• The skin of the feet is thicker and more resilient than other areas of the body. So the sole is with callus and dead cells with ease. To remove excess callus is important to exfoliate the area of the heel and the sole and then moisturize.

• To soften the skin of the feet, let them soak for ten minutes in the warm water and vinegar (for each liter of water add half a cup of vinegar). Then massage your feet with almond oil or moisturizing cream.

• Trim nails, at least, every fortnight, preferably after bathing. Or just trim them with sandpaper, especially if you regularly go to the pedicure. And you should not cut nails too and not leave them too long. The fact is that when they are too long contributes to the accumulation of waste and dirt. If cut too, can run the risk of an ingrown toenail.

• To have presentable nails, the ideal is to push the cuticle gently with a properly spatula. The excess skin can be removed with pliers, but you have to be very careful because there may be the risk of inflammation. If you are not used to removing excess skin after pushing the cuticle, it is best to leave this task to the pedicure.

• Wash your feet very well! Do not just let drain the water in the shower. Must pass the sponge between the fingers. After bathing, it is important to dry thoroughly the feet, since the accumulated humidity can give the mycosis.

• The use of tight shoes, not airy and high-heeled facilitates the appearance of calluses. Calluses that usually appear in the area of the heels and soles of the feet are just a natural reaction of the skin to friction caused by walking, by poor posture or the use of certain types of footwear. To soften calluses, exfoliate and hydrate, correct the posture and wear comfortable shoes.

Hello, guys! How are you doing?
Begins a new year and many people have projects for health care, nutrition or weight loss, and even all together. And with that comes the salad, which is not always the favorite dish of many people.

It is the main ally when we want to lose weight, after all, there are nutritious choices and quench the hunger. In addition, studies show that people who eat fruits and vegetables tend to consume less meat, saturated fats and refined carbohydrates. Great choice, right?
But, what is the secret to a perfect salad? "Combining pleasure and health in the same meal.
To increase consumption on a daily basis, another tip is to diversify the method of preparation. "Vary the taste, appearance and texture help increase acceptance by salads. It is also important to use sauces that give a special touch to the leaves and vegetables.

But keep calm, salad need not be synonymous with boring food! You can prepare a tasty dishes with vegetables and maintaining a healthy diet! But beware: give the preference to the lightest options.

Tuna salad with coconut milk

Ingredients:

 500g of tuna
8 lemons juice
1/2 teaspoon of salt
1 Tomato 
1 chopped green pepper
1 peeled and sliced cucumber
1 carrot peeled and grated
1 diced onion
1 cup coconut milk
2 cloves garlic
1 pinch of ginger
salt and pepper